zmb-msu-zgp-1993-1996-v1 DataFirst 2020-04-29 NADA Version 2 Zambia Governance Project 1993-1996 zmb-msu-zgp-1993-1996-v1 Department of Political Science of Political Science MetadataEditor Michigan State University DataFirst Support Public Opinion Survey v1: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution Zambia The survey had national coverage. The lowest level of geographic aggregation of the data is district Sample survey data Face-to-face [f2f] DataFirst zgp-1993 0 166 zgp-1996 0 166 survey enumerator province of respondent district of respondent are you a registered voter? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know why are you not registered? -9 missing none 1 missed registr 2 ill health 3 absent 4 voter card missing 5 national card miss 6 under 18 7 not interested 8 engaged 9 dont know 10 other 11 not enough info voted in the 1991 general election -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know why not vote in 1991 general election -9 not applicable none 1 not registered 2 ill health 3 absent from area 4 registered elswhere 5 voter card missing 6 national card miss 7 engaged 8 not aware of election 9 dont know 10 other did you vote in the local election in 1992? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know why did you not vote in the local elections? -9 not applicable none 1 not registered 2 ill health 3 absent from area 4 registered elsewhere 5 voter card missing 6 national card miss 7 otherwise engaged 8 lost interest 9 disillusioned 10 not aware of election 11 other 12 dont know how interested are you in politics? not interested 1 somewhat interested 2 very interested how often do you discuss politics never 1 sometimes 2 often importance of family in your life not important 1 somewhat important 2 very important importance of ethnic group in your life not important 1 somewhat important 2 very important importance of councillor in your life not important 1 somewhat important 2 very important how important is your councillor in your life? not important 1 somewhat important 2 very important importance of your mp in your life not important 1 somewhat important 2 very important how important are other important people in your community? not important 1 somewhat important 2 very important participated in a community meeting? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know participated in an election rally? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know participated in an election campaign? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know have you been to see a headman or chief? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know seen your local councillor? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know have you been to see your mp? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know have you written to a newspaper? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know participated in a legal demonstration? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know participated in a violent demonstration? -9 missing would never do 1 might do 2 have done 9 dont know what were you trying to achieve? -9 not applicable none 1 solve economic prob 2 solve social-dom prob 3 solve social-comm prob 4 solve problem unspec 5 obtain pol info 6 express pol opin 7 engage soc interact 8 other 9 dont know how many times has your councillor held a meeting(s)? number of meetings your mp has held do you belong to a community organization? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know which organization? -9 missing none 1 trade union 2 cooperative 3 womens club 4 sports club 5 pta 9 other assoc 10 church unspecified 11 roman catholic 12 ucz 13 new apostolic 14 watchtower 15 evangelical 16 seventh day adv 17 dutch reform 18 baptist 19 african methodist 20 syncretic church 30 other church which organization? -9 missing none 1 trade union 2 cooperative 3 womens club 4 sports club 5 pta 9 other assoc 10 church unspecified 11 roman catholic 12 ucz 13 new apostolic 14 watchtower 15 evangelical 16 seventh day adv 17 dutch reform 18 baptist 19 african methodist 20 syncretic church 30 other church which organization? -9 missing none 1 trade union 2 cooperative 3 womens club 4 sports club 5 pta 9 other assoc 10 church unspecified 11 roman catholic 12 ucz 13 new apostolic 14 watchtower 15 evangelical 16 seventh day adv 17 dutch reform 18 baptist 19 african methodist 20 syncretic church 30 other church for how many years have you belonged? 1 one month to two years 2 three to five years 3 six to ten years 4 eleven to twenty years 5 twenty-one to thirty years 6 more than thirty years 99 dont know for how many years have you belonged? 1 one month to two years 2 three to five years 3 six to ten years 4 eleven to twenty years 5 twenty-one to thirty years 6 more than thirty years 99 dont know for how many years have you belonged? 1 one month to two years 2 three to five years 3 six to ten years 4 eleven to twenty years 5 twenty-one to thirty years 6 more than thirty years 99 dont know which leadership position, if any, do you hold? -9 missing 1 chair or pres 2 vice-chair 3 secretary 4 treasurer 5 committee member 6 church leader 7 other 9 dont know which leadership position, if any, do you hold? -9 missing 1 chair or pres 2 vice-chair 3 secretary 4 treasurer 5 committee member 6 church leader 7 other 9 dont know which leadership position, if any, do you hold? -9 missing 1 chair or pres 2 vice-chair 3 secretary 4 treasurer 5 committee member 6 church leader 7 other 9 dont know how many meetings have you attended? what are the problems in the way your organization works? -9 missing no problems 1 funding problems 2 membership attendance 3 internal factions 4 leadership problems 5 organization ineffective 6 other 9 dont know why do you not belong to any organizations? -9 na/missing data 1 not interested 2 in ill health 3 too busy 4 can't afford 5 no organizations to join 6 distrusts leadership 7 other 9 don't know not enough respect for authority -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree women should have the right to vote -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree police have too much power -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree people should vote even if they dont understand issues -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree only men should run for office -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree police should be allowed to shoot -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree govt should be allowed to detain people -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree there would be fewer problems if young held offices -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree bribery is rare among officials -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree tribe makes no difference -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree minister can help his home district -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree most politicians only want to be rich -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree presidents region gets more services -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree corruption worse under unip -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 cant say or dont know 4 agree 5 strongly agree name political representative -9 missing incorrect 1 correct 9 dont know name political representative -9 missing incorrect 1 correct 9 dont know name political representative -9 missing incorrect 1 correct 9 dont know name political representative -9 missing incorrect 1 correct 9 dont know name political representative -9 missing incorrect 1 correct 9 dont know what is a local govt supposed to do -9 missing nothing 1 solve local development 2 build and maintain roads 3 build and maintain housing 4 domestic water 5 provide sanitation 6 social welfare 7 provide education 8 provide health services 9 provide police services 10 electrification 11 build and maintain markets 12 represent locality 13 dont know 14 other what is a local govt supposed to do -9 missing nothing 1 solve local development 2 build and maintain roads 3 build and maintain housing 4 domestic water 5 provide sanitation 6 social welfare 7 provide education 8 provide health services 9 provide police services 10 electrification 11 build and maintain markets 12 represent locality 13 dont know 14 other what is a local govt supposed to do -9 missing nothing 1 solve local development 2 build and maintain roads 3 build and maintain housing 4 domestic water 5 provide sanitation 6 social welfare 7 provide education 8 provide health services 9 provide police services 10 electrification 11 build and maintain markets 12 represent locality 13 dont know 14 other what does the national assembly do? -9 missing nothing 1 solve national devel 2 represent people 3 discuss national affairs 4 make and amend laws 5 implement laws 6 other 9 dont know have you ever heard of fodep? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know what does fodep do? -9 missing nothing 1 safeguard democracy 2 monitor elections 3 mediate party disputes 4 civic education 5 other 9 dont know difference between party and govt? -9 missing same 1 different 9 dont know difference between central and local govt? -9 missing same 1 different 9 dont know should chiefs play a role in govt? -9 missing no 1 yes what role should they play? -9 missing nothing 1 custodians of culture 2 organize devel locally 3 mediate social dispute 4 represent people to govt 5 represent govt to people 6 civic education 7 should govern their area 8 other 9 dont know does your household own a radio? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know do you ever listen to news on the radio? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know how often do you listen? -9 missing 1 less often than monthly 2 monthly 3 weekly 4 several times a week 5 every day at which time do you listen? -9 missing 1 morning 2 lunchtime 3 evening 4 alltimes 5 morning and lunch 6 morning and evening 7 lunch and evening do you ever read a newspaper? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know do you buy or share or do both? -9 missing 1 buy paper 2 share paper 3 buy and share 9 other which newspaper(s) do you read? -9 missing 1 times of zambia 2 daily mail 3 weekly post 4 national mirror 5 daily express 6 express mail 7 sunday times 8 financial mail 9 other which newspaper(s) do you read? -9 missing 1 times of zambia 2 daily mail 3 weekly post 4 national mirror 5 daily express 6 express mail 7 sunday times 8 financial mail 9 other which newspaper(s) do you read? -9 missing 1 times of zambia 2 daily mail 3 weekly post 4 national mirror 5 daily express 6 express mail 7 sunday times 8 financial mail 9 other how often do you read a paper? -9 missing 1 less often than monthly 2 monthly 3 weekly 4 several times a week 5 every day how much do you trust your family? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust male relatives? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust female relatives? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust neighbors? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust your ethnic group? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust zambians from south? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust zambians from west? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust zambians from north? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust zambians from east? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust zaireans? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust malawians? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust white south africans? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust british? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust the police? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust local council? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust national assembly? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust the cabinet? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust churches? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust trade unions? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust fodep? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust interview team? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust zambian times? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust weekly post? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust znbc? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust radio zambia? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know how much do you trust the bbc? -9 missing 1 i dont trust them at all 10 i trust them completely 99 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 better working in group 2 better working alone 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 improve my life 2 improve childrens lives 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 dont plan too far ahead 2 i can make plans work 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 i influence others 2 friends dont listen to me 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 govt is too complicated 2 govt is understandable 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 private approach gets things done 2 public demands get things done 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 mps generally listen 2 mps do not listen 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 govt can solve problems 2 govt is ineffective 9 dont know choose statement a or b -9 missing data 1 statement a 2 statement b 9 don't know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 better free schooling 2 better to raise standards 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 govt should provide jobs 2 govt should lay off some 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 govt should own businesses 2 private ownership is better 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 people should express views 2 too many views dangerous 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 orgs affil with party 2 orgs should be independent 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 muslim party allowed 2 muslim party not allowed 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 political violence justified 2 political violence cant be justified 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing data 1 statement a 2 statement b 9 don't know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 we have choice of parties 2 we have single-party state 9 dont know which of the two statements is closest to your view? -9 missing 1 compromise is dangerous 2 we need to accomodate 9 dont know how satisfied are you with the work you are doing? -9 missing not at all satisfied 1 not very satisfied 2 fairly satisfied 3 very satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied are you with your financial situation? -9 missing not at all satisfied 1 not very satisfied 2 fairly satisfied 3 very satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied are you with your health? -9 missing not at all satisfied 1 not very satisfied 2 fairly satisfied 3 very satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied are you overall? -9 missing not at all satisfied 1 not very satisfied 2 fairly satisfied 3 very satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied are you compared to a year ago? -9 missing much less satisfied 1 slightly less satisfied 2 slightly more satisfied 3 much more satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied are you compared to 5 yrs ago? -9 missing much less satisfied 1 slightly less satisfied 2 slightly more satisfied 3 much more satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied do you expect to be in a year? -9 missing much less satisfied 1 slightly less satisfied 2 slightly more satisfied 3 much more satisfied 9 dont know how satisfied do you expect to be in 5 yrs? -9 missing much less satisfied 1 slightly less satisfied 2 slightly more satisfied 3 much more satisfied 9 dont know what national issues do you consider most important? -9 missing no imprtant issues 1 high prices consumer gds 2 high price of inputs 3 inadequate health services 4 inadequate educational service 5 communication and transportation 6 law and order 7 dont know 8 other what national issues do you consider most important? -9 missing no imprtant issues 1 high prices consumer gds 2 high price of inputs 3 inadequate health services 4 inadequate educational service 5 communication and transportation 6 law and order 7 dont know 8 other what national issues do you consider most important? -9 missing no imprtant issues 1 high prices consumer gds 2 high price of inputs 3 inadequate health services 4 inadequate educational service 5 communication and transportation 6 law and order 7 dont know 8 other which national goal is your top/second priority? -9 missing 1 maintain order 2 give people more say 3 fight high prices 4 protect free speech 9 dont know which national goal is your top/second priority? -9 missing 1 maintain order 2 give people more say 3 fight high prices 4 protect free speech 9 dont know is crime a major problem in your life? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know in what way has your life been affected by crime? -9 missing i have done nothing 1 i am more fearful 2 movements are restricted 3 took anti-theft measures 4 contacted police 5 joined neighb watch 6 murder in family 7 other 8 replaced stolen goods 9 dont know what are some things mmd has done better than unip? nothing is better 1 drought relief 2 goods now available 3 improved health care 4 improved education 5 improved transportation 6 enabled political freedom 7 other 8 too soon to tell 9 dont know 10 everything is better what are some things mmd has done better than unip? nothing is better 1 drought relief 2 goods now available 3 improved health care 4 improved education 5 improved transportation 6 enabled political freedom 7 other 8 too soon to tell 9 dont know 10 everything is better what are some things mmd has done better than unip? nothing is better 1 drought relief 2 goods now available 3 improved health care 4 improved education 5 improved transportation 6 enabled political freedom 7 other 8 too soon to tell 9 dont know 10 everything is better what are some things mmd has done worse than unip? -9 missing nothing is worse 1 price rise for goods 2 price rise for inputs 3 fees for health services 4 fewer jobs 5 corruption among officials 6 public squabbles 7 other 8 too soon too tell 9 dont know 10 everything is worse what are some things mmd has done worse than unip? -9 missing nothing is worse 1 price rise for goods 2 price rise for inputs 3 fees for health services 4 fewer jobs 5 corruption among officials 6 public squabbles 7 other 8 too soon too tell 9 dont know 10 everything is worse what are some things mmd has done worse than unip? -9 missing nothing is worse 1 price rise for goods 2 price rise for inputs 3 fees for health services 4 fewer jobs 5 corruption among officials 6 public squabbles 7 other 8 too soon too tell 9 dont know 10 everything is worse what is your overall assessment of the new mmd govt? -9 missing 1 very poor 2 poor 3 fair 4 good 5 very good 9 dont know who is responsible for current economic conditions? -9 missing 1 old govt is to blame 2 new govt is to blame 3 imf or world bank is to blame 4 people of zambia 8 other 9 dont know why have maize-meal prices risen? -9 missing no reason 1 govt reduced subsidies 2 govt raised prod prices 3 cost of fertilizer 4 cost of fuel 5 millers margins rose 6 drought decreased prod 7 drought increased imports 8 old govt to blame 9 new govt to blame 10 money lost its value 11 farmers are to blame 12 other 13 dont know where whould the govts money come from? -9 missing 1 taxes unspecified 2 income taxes 3 tax on zambian business 4 tax on intnatl business 5 other taxes 6 from govt unspecified 7 from cuts to govt budget 8 private fundraising 9 new export revenues 10 foreign aid or loans 11 other 12 dont know should the govt encourage foreign investment? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know why should/not the govt encourage foreign invstmt? -9 missing 1 they bring money 2 they bring jobs 3 they bring technology 4 they bring know-how 5 increase tax revenues 6 encourage competition 7 more goods available 8 other 9 dont know 10 they cause price increases 11 they take away resources 12 they will rule us again 13 dont trust foreigners 14 other 15 dont know sex of respondent -9 missing 1 male 2 female year in which respondent was born tribe of respondent -9 missing 1 ngoni 2 bemba 3 tonga 4 mambwe 5 nyanja 6 lamba 7 lozi 8 chishinga 9 lunda 10 lenje 11 chewa 12 ila 13 nsenga 14 bisa 15 chokwe 16 mwanuwanga 17 tumbuka 18 kaonde 19 lala 20 luvale 21 nyika 22 soli 23 tabwe 24 ushi 25 mbundu 26 shona 27 luchazi 28 ndebele 29 sala 30 kunda 31 nkoya 32 lungu 33 sena 34 sotho 98 other 99 dont know number of years of formal education 1 years of education is respondent employed? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no 9 dont know job of respondent -9 missing 1 farmer 2 entrepr 3 marketer 4 service 5 artisan 6 domestic 7 miner 8 technic 9 teacher 10 govt 11 ngo 12 profess 13 other 99 dont know kwacha per month earned by respondent kwacha per month earned by spouse number of people in respondents household 1 one to three 2 four to six 3 seven to nine 4 ten or more do you support a political party? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no name of party respondent supports -9 missing 1 mmd 2 unip 3 udp 4 nada 8 other 9 dont know does respondent have a membership card for a party? -9 missing 1 yes 2 no respondent number census supervisory area/standard enumeration area survey enmerators province 1 lusaka 2 eastern 3 central 4 southern 5 copperbelt 6 northwestern 7 western 8 northern 9 luapula survey district 1 chipata 2 choma 3 kabwe urban 4 kaoma 5 kasama 6 kitwe 7 luanshya 8 lukulu 9 lundazi 10 lusaka rural 11 lusaka urban 12 mbala 13 mongu 14 mporokoso 15 mufulira 16 namwala 17 ndola 18 petauke 19 samfya 20 sinazongwe 21 solwezi urban/rural 1 urban 2 rural gender 1 male 2 female year born 99 don't know respondent's tribe 1 ambo 2 aushi 3 bemba 4 bisa 5 chewa 6 chishinga 7 chokwe 8 ila 9 inamwanga 10 iwa 11 kabende 12 kaonde 13 kunda 14 kwandi 15 kwangwa 16 lala 17 lala 18 lenje 19 lima 20 lovale 21 lozi 22 luchazi 23 lunda 24 lungu 25 mambwe 26 mbunda 27 mukulu 28 ndembu 29 ngoni 30 ngumbo 31 nkoya 32 nsenga 33 senga 34 shila 35 soli 36 subiya 37 swaka 38 tabwa 39 tonga 40 toka 41 totela 42 tumbuka 43 unga 99 other ever lived in village or town? no 1 yes more years in village or town? -9 missing/n.a. 1 village 2 town 3 about equally children staying at home none 99 don't know what is your main occupation? unemployed 1 farmer 2 informal marketeer 3 businessman 4 service worker 5 artisan 6 domestic worker 7 miner 8 technical worker 9 teacher 10 government worker 11 ngo worker 12 professional 13 retired 14 housewife 99 other how much free time for leisure or rest? none 1 a little 2 a lot how interested are you in local political matters? not interested 1 somewhat interested 2 very interested how interested are you in national political matters? not interested 1 somewhat interested 2 very interested how often do you discuss politics with other people? never 1 sometimes 2 often in discussions about politics -9 missing/n.a. 1 can influence others 2 friends do not listen government is so complicated 1 cannot understand 2 generally understandable representatives listen to problems? 1 able to make reps listen 2 unable to make reps listen vote efficacy 1 things will not get better 2 use vote to make future better are you a member of any community organization? no 1 yes which community organization? -9 missing/not applicable 1 trade/labor union 2 cooperative/farmer's union 3 women's club 4 sports club 5 parent-teacher association 6 sports/recreation club 7 business/owner's association (e.g., chamber of commerce) 8 other association (e.g., lions, rotary, etc.) 9 other association 10 church (unspecified) 11 roman catholic church 12 united church of zamiba (ucz)/anglican church 13 new apostlic church 14 jehovah's witnesses/watchtower 15 evangelical church 16 sda/seventh day adventists 17 dutch reform church 18 baptist 19 african methodist church 20 church (syncretic) 21 church (other) which community organization? -9 missing/not applicable missing/n.a. 1 trade/labor union 2 cooperative/farmer's union 3 women's club 4 sports club 5 parent-teacher association 6 sports/recreation club 7 business/owner's association (e.g., chamber of commerce) 8 other association (e.g., lions, rotary, etc.) 9 other association 10 church (unspecified) 11 roman catholic church 12 united church of zamiba (ucz)/anglican church 13 new apostlic church 14 jehovah's witnesses/watchtower 15 evangelical church 16 sda/seventh day adventists 17 dutch reform church 18 baptist 19 african methodist church 20 church (syncretic) 30 church (other) which community organization? -9 missing/not applicable missing/n.a. 1 trade/labor union 2 cooperative/farmer's union 3 women's club 4 sports club 5 parent-teacher association 6 sports/recreation club 7 business/owner's association (e.g., chamber of commerce) 8 other association (e.g., lions, rotary, etc.) 9 other association 10 church (unspecified) 11 roman catholic church 12 united church of zamiba (ucz)/anglican church 13 new apostlic church 14 jehovah's witnesses/watchtower 15 evangelical church 16 sda/seventh day adventists 17 dutch reform church 18 baptist 19 african methodist church 20 church (syncretic) 30 church (other) years of membership -9 missing/n.a. years of membership (second mentioned) -9 missing/n.a. years of membership (third mentioned) -9 missing/n.a. do you hold a leadership position in this organization? -9 missing/n.a. no 1 yes do you hold a leadership position in this organization? -9 missing no 1 yes do you hold a leadership position in this organization? -9 missing/n.a. no 1 yes have you ever attended a meeting or gathering of your organization? never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often have you every spoken publicly at a meeting of your organization? never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often have you every organized or chaired a meeting? never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often have you attended a training session on the rights of citizens? never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often have you ever attended some other kind of training session? never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often what was this training about? -9 missing/n.a. 1 reproductive health education (aids, stds, family planning) 2 preventative health educ (malnutrition, cholera, sanitation) 3 agriculture (farming, animal husbandry, fisheries) 4 job skills (teaching, carpentry, mechanics, computers, etc.) 5 family life skills (child & home care, community living) 6 religious education 7 leadership and management 8 sports and recreation 9 other do members of community organizations have a say in deciding group activities? no 1 yes do you identify with any political party? no 1 yes [if yes] which party? -9 missing/n.a. 1 mmd (movement for multiparty democracy) 2 unip (united national independence party) 3 np (national party) 4 zdc/zadeco (zambia democratic congress) 5 az (agenda for zambia) 6 mdp (movement for democratic process) 7 independent 8 other 9 don't know do you presently hold a paid-up membership card for this party? -9 n.a./missing no 1 yes for how long have you been a member of this party? -9 n.a./missing how often have you attended meetings or gatherings intended solely for members o never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often bribery is very rare among public officials in zambia -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 feel neutral 4 agree 5 strongly agree -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 feel neutral 4 agree 5 strongly agree -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 feel neutral 4 agree 5 strongly agree -9 missing 1 strongly disagree 2 disagree 3 feel neutral 4 agree 5 strongly agree how often do yo listed to a news bulletin on the radio? -9 missing never 1 less than once a month 2 about once a month 3 about once a week 4 several times a week 5 every day how often do you read a newspaper? -9 missing never 1 less than once a month 2 about once a month 3 about once a week 4 several times a week 5 every day -9 n.a./missing none 1 times of zambia 2 daily mail 3 the post 4 national mirror 5 weekly express 6 crime news 7 sunday times 8 the sun 9 other -9 n.a./missing none 1 times of zambia 2 daily mail 3 the post 4 national mirror 5 weekly express 6 crime news 7 sunday times 8 the sun 9 other -9 n.a./missing none 1 times of zambia 2 daily mail 3 the post 4 national mirror 5 weekly express 6 crime news 7 sunday times 8 the sun 9 other can you tell me the name of the councillor for this area? -9 n.a./missing incorrect or don't know 1 correct can you tell me the name of mp for this area? -9 n.a./missing incorrect or don't know 1 correct can you tell me the name of the minister of finance? -9 n.a./missing incorrect or don't know 1 correct can you tell me the name of the vice-president of zambia? -9 n.a./missing incorrect or don't know 1 correct have your ever heard of fodep -9 n.a./missing no 1 yes what, to your knowledge, is fodep supposed to do? -9 missing not applicable 1 safeguard democracy 2 monitor elections 3 dispute mediation 4 civic education 5 all of the above 9 other what role, if any, should chiefs and headmen play in zambia today? -9 missing none 1 protect traditional culture 2 organize village development 3 mediate and judge disputes 4 represent people to government 5 represent government to people 6 civic education 7 govern their own areas 9 other what role, if any, should chiefs and headmen play in zambia today? -9 missing none 1 protect traditional culture 2 organize village development 3 mediate and judge disputes 4 represent people to government 5 represent government to people 6 civic education 7 govern their own areas 9 other what role, if any, should chiefs and headmen play in zambia today? -9 missing none 1 protect traditional culture 2 organize village development 3 mediate and judge disputes 4 represent people to government 5 represent government to people 6 civic education 7 govern their own areas 9 other difference between a party and a government? -9 n.a./missing same 1 different difference between central government and local council? -9 missing same 1 different in your opinion, was the 1991 change from one-party to multi-party politics good -9 missing bad 1 good in what way was it good/bad? -9 missing/n.a. -6 other bad -5 generally change is bad -4 brought economic liberalization (e.g., privatization, etc.) -3 incr. consumer prices /reduced living stds./infrastructure -2 corruption and abuse of power -1 brought confusion & conflict among people/parties (too many) no difference/don't know 1 civil liberties/personal freedoms (e.g. speech, movement) 2 political & voting rights (e.g., choice of cand/parties) 3 incr. avail. of consumer goods/improved living std 4 brought economic liberalization (e.g., privatization) 5 generally, change is good 6 other good in what way was it good/bad? -9 missing/n.a. -6 other bad -5 generally change is bad -4 brought economic liberalization (e.g., privatization, etc.) -3 incr. consumer prices /reduced living stds./infrastructure -2 corruption and abuse of power -1 brought confusion & conflict among people/parties (too many) no difference/don't know 1 civil liberties/personal freedoms (e.g. speech, movement) 2 political & voting rights (e.g., choice of cand/parties) 3 increased availability of consumer goods/improved living std 4 brought economic liberalization (e.g., privatization) 5 generally, change is good 6 other good in what way was it good/bad? -9 missing/n.a. -6 other bad -5 generally change is bad -4 brought economic liberalization (e.g., privatization, etc.) -3 incr. consumer prices /reduced living stds./infrastructure -2 corruption and abuse of power -1 brought confusion & conflict among people/parties (too many) no difference/don't know 1 civil liberties/personal freedoms (e.g. speech, movement) 2 political & voting rights (e.g., choice of cand/parties) 3 increased availability of consumer goods/improved living std 4 brought economic liberalization (e.g., privatization) 5 generally, change is good 6 other good -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable -9 missing missing 1 i do not trust them at all 2 i distrust them somewhat 3 i feel neutral about them 4 i trust them somewhat 5 i trust them alot 9 not applicable expression of views 1 it is dangerous to allow expr. of too many different views 2 if people have different views, they should express them who should be permitted to vote? 1 all people, even if they do not fully understand issues 2 only well educated president and constitution 1 prez. should be able to change constitution whever he wishes 2 const. = rules prez. must obey the best form of government is... -9 missing 1 elected by its people 2 gets things done better if 1-party rule/better to have choice of party/candidate? -9 missing 1 return to 1-party rule 2 have choice of parties/candidates in zambia today we enjoy real choice/on our way to 1-party state -9 missing 1 have real choice among parties/candidates 2 on our way to 1-party state ethnic relations (part 1) 1 being zambian more imp. than tribe 2 same tribe should stick together since 1991 tribal relations have increased/stayed the same? 1 tribal conflicts have increased 2 tribal relations not become worse how satisfied are you with the general state of zambian economy today? -9 missing 1 not at all satisfied 2 not very satisfied 3 fairly satisfied 4 very satisfied how satisfied are you with your own living conditions today? -9 missing 1 not at all satisfied 2 not very satisfied 3 fairly satisfied 4 very satisfied how satisfied do you feel today compared with 5 years ago? -9 missing 1 much less satisfied 2 slightly less satisfied 3 slightly more satisfied 4 much more satisfied how satisfied do yo expect to be in one year's time? -9 missing 1 much less satisfied 2 slightly less satisfied 3 slightly more satisfied 4 much more satisfied in your opinion, who is responsible for current economic conditions in zambia? -9 missing 1 the old kaunda government 2 the chiluba government 3 the imf/world bank 4 we, the people of zambia 9 other what are some things the mmd government has done better than the previous unip g -9 missing/n.a. mmd has done nothing better than unip 1 drought relief/emergency relief/food for work 2 consumer goods 3 health services 4 education services 5 transportation/roads 6 other economic services (water, elec.) 7 improved safety/security (e.g., police) 8 civil & politial rights (speech, movement, voting) 9 econ. lib. (trade, inv., self-reliance) 10 other what are some things the mmd government has done better than the previous unip g -9 missing/n.a. mmd has done nothing better than unip 1 drought relief/emergency relief/food for work 2 consumer goods 3 health services 4 education services 5 transportation/roads 6 other economic services (water, elec.) 7 improved safety/security (e.g., police) 8 civil & politial rights (speech, movement, voting) 9 econ. lib. (trade, inv., self-reliance) 10 other what are some things the mmd government has done better than the previous unip g -9 missing/n.a. mmd has done nothing better than unip 1 drought relief/emergency relief/food for work 2 consumer goods 3 health services 4 education services 5 transportation/roads 6 other economic services (water, elec.) 7 improved safety/security (e.g., police) 8 civil & politial rights (speech, movement, voting) 9 econ. lib. (trade, inv., self-reliance) 10 other what are some things the mmd government has done worse than the unip government? -9 missing/n.a. mmd has done nothing worse than unip 1 permitted price increases for consumer goods 2 ag. input markets (fuel, fert., loans) 3 ag. output markets (coops, private traders) 4 gen. neglect of agriculture/rural areas 5 fees for services (e.g. health, school, mortuary) 6 unemployment/retrenchment/low salaries 7 privatization/closure of companies 8 corruption/misuse of funds/bad governance 9 other what are some things the mmd government has done worse than the unip government? -9 missing/n.a. mmd has done nothing worse than unip 1 permitted price increases for consumer goods 2 ag. input markets (fuel, fert., loans) 3 ag. output markets (coops, private traders) 4 gen. neglect of agriculture/rural areas 5 fees for services (e.g. health, school, mortuary) 6 unemployment/retrenchment/low salaries 7 privatization/closure of companies 8 corruption/misuse of funds/bad governance 9 other what are some things the mmd government has done worse than the unip government? -9 missing/n.a. mmd has done nothing worse than unip 1 permitted price increases for consumer goods 2 ag. input markets (fuel, fert., loans) 3 ag. output markets (coops, private traders) 4 gen. neglect of agriculture/rural areas 5 fees for services (e.g. health, school, mortuary) 6 unemployment/retrenchment/low salaries 7 privatization/closure of companies 8 corruption/misuse of funds/bad governance 9 other what is your assessment of the overall performance of the mmd government -9 missing 1 very poor 2 poor 3 fair 4 good 5 very good are you a registered voter? -9 missing no 1 yes [if not a registered voter] why not? -9 missing 1 missed registration 2 ill health 3 absent from area 4 voter card lost 5 no national registration card (nrc) 6 under 18 during registration 7 not interested in registering 8 otherwise engaged 9 voters card confiscated 10 other since 1991, how regularly have you voted in elections? -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often since 1991 has your participation in voting increased, decreased, or stayed abou -9 missing decreased 1 stayed about the same 2 increased 9 not applicable did you vote in the general elections of october 1991? -9 missing no 1 yes who did you vote for in the 1991 presidential election? -9 missing 1 frederick chiluba 2 kenneth kaunda 3 mmd 4 unip 5 other candidate 6 other party did you vote in the 1992 local government elections? -9 missing no 1 yes did you vote in the 1996 general elections? -9 missing no 1 yes [if no] why didn't you vote in the 1996 general elections? -9 missing/n.a. 1 not a registered voter 2 in ill health on election day 3 absent from area on election day 4 registered to vote in another area 5 voter registration card lost/missing/destroyed 6 national registration card lost/missing/destroyed 7 otherwise engaged (e.g., work, funeral, family problem, etc. 8 not aware of election 9 not interested in voting 10 registered but did not receive/pick up card 11 surrendered voter registration card/supported elec. boycott 12 don't know 13 other who did you vote for in the 1996 presidential election? -9 missing 1 frederick chiluba 2 dean mung'omba 3 humphrey mulemba 4 akashambatwa mbikusita-lewanika 5 chama chakomboka 6 kenneth kaunda 7 mmd - movement for multiparty democracy 8 zdc/zadeco - zambia democratic congress 9 np - national party 10 az - agenda for zambia 11 mdp - movement for democratic process 12 unip - united national independence party 13 other candidate 14 other party 15 the ruling party 16 don't know/forgot [if changed] why did you change your vote between 1991 and 1996? -9 missing/n.a. 1 because incumbent did not run again 2 because election boycott (e.g., could not choose candidate) 3 to support political opposition/encourage opposition parties 4 dissappointed with incumbent party/candidate 5 because new party/candidate can do a better job 6 because new party/candidate is more honest 7 just to have a change 8 to balance power between political parties 9 other who did you vote for in the 1996 parliamentary election? -9 missing 1 movement for multiparty democracy (mmd) 2 united national independence party (unip) 3 zambia democratic congress (zdc/zadeco) 4 national party (np) 5 agenda for zambia (az) 6 democratic national congress (dnc) 7 national lima party (nlp) 8 zambia progressive front (zpf) 9 movement for democratic process (mdp) 10 national democratic alliance (nada) 11 christian alliance for the kingdom of africa (chaka) 12 other party 13 the ruling party 14 individual candidate mentioned 15 don't know/forgot did you vote for this mp because of his/her individual qualities, or the party t -9 missing 1 individual 2 party what qualities of the candidate/party did you find attractive? -9 missing/n.a. 1 candidate is a local representative/originates from area 2 candidate is honest/trustworthy/won't steal 3 candidate is hard worker/visits the community 4 candidate promised to take action/bring services to the dist 5 candidate took action/brought services/already done good job 6 candidate was the incumbent 7 candidate used personal wealth (e.g., brought me something) 8 candidate is well qualified/educated 9 candidate was from ruling party 10 candidate was from opposition party 11 liked the candidate's party or party platform 12 just wanted a change of candidate 13 other (e.g., candidate "looks promising") 14 liked party's programs/party platform 15 party had done a good job in the past 16 just wanted a change of party 17 other did you choose this candidate by yourself or did someone convince you to vote fo -9 missing 1 i chose by myself 2 i was convinced by someone [if convinced] who convinced you? -9 missing not applicable 1 a family member 2 chief or headman 3 political party official 4 local councillor 5 the candidate 6 workmate 7 a member of (my) church, club, union, or cooperative 9 other how did the opposition boycott affect the way you voted, if at all? -9 missing/n.a. had no effect 1 what boycott? (unaware of election) 2 limited my choice of candidates/had to vote for another 3 was confusing/made things difficult 4 made us afraid/felt intimidated 5 no specific affect mentioned does the parliamentary candidate you voted for live in this area? -9 missing no 1 yes do you think that m.p.'s should be required to live in the areas they represent? -9 missing no 1 yes were the most recent elections generally fair, or did some candidates have an un -9 missing unfair 1 fair [if unfair] in what way(s) were the elections unfair? -9 missing/n.a. 1 voter registration was flawed (nikuv) 2 kaunda barred/unip could not field candidates 3 ruling party used state resources to campaign 4 ruling party had unfair access to the media 5 dirty tricks. some candidates misinformed voters 6 vote buying. candidate/party distributed money and goods 7 voters were intimidated/pressured to vote 8 voter fraud (e.g., "ghost" voters, double voting, etc.) 9 vote rigging (e.g., votes weren't counted properly, etc.) 10 other (e.g., campaign/polling period too short, low turnout) 11 no specific reason given commodity prices -9 missing 1 better to have goods in the market, even if prices are high 2 better to have low prices, even if shortages of goods cost of education -9 missing 1 better to have free schooling, even if quality is low 2 better to raise educ. standards, even if we have to pay fees government employment -9 missing 1 our leaders should provide us w/ govt. jobs, even if costly 2 govt cannot afford so many employees and should lay off some privatization -9 missing 1 govt should retain ownership of factories, bus., and farms 2 govt should sell businesses to private companies success and well-being -9 missing 1 people should be resp. for achieving own success & w.b 2 govt. should bear main resp. ensuring success & w.b. of peop attending a community meeting -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often gotten together with others to raise an issue -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often attended an election rally -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often worked for a political party or candidate -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often signed a petition -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often written a letter to a newspaper -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often attended a demonstration -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often participated in an election boycott -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often how often have you contacted a chief or headman to help solve a problem in last -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often contact a local government councillor -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often contacted a member of parliament -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often contacted an official of a government ministry -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often contacted a church leader -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often contacted some other influential person -9 missing never 1 only once 2 sometimes 3 often did you make these contacts on your own behalf or as a representative of a group -9 missing not applicable 1 own behalf 2 for group contact with a local government councillor -9 missing not applicable 1 own behalf 2 for group contact with a member of parliament -9 missing not applicable 1 own behalf 2 for group contact with an official of a government ministry -9 missing not applicable 1 own behalf 2 for group contact with a church leader -9 missing not applicable 1 own behalf 2 for group contact with another influential person -9 missing not applicable 1 own behalf 2 for group when you elect an mp, what do you expect him/her to do for you? [first mentioned -9 n.a. / missing nothing 1 communicate government policy to people 2 represent people to government 3 solicit development funds 4 debate and pass laws 5 encourage political participation 9 other when you elect an mp, what do you expect him/her to do for you? [second mentione -9 n.a. / missing nothing 1 communicate government policy to people 2 represent people to government 3 solicit development funds 4 debate and pass laws 5 encourage political participation 9 other when you elect an mp, what do you expect him/her to do for you? [third mentioned -9 n.a. / missing nothing 1 communicate government policy to people 2 represent people to government 3 solicit development funds 4 debate and pass laws 5 encourage political participation 9 other over the past 5 years, how satisfied have you been with perfomance of the mp for -9 missing 1 not at all satisfied 2 not very satisfied 3 fairly satisfied 4 very satisfied over the past five years, how satisfied have you been with performance of the lo -9 missing 1 not at all satisfied 2 not very satisfied 3 fairly satisfied 4 very satisfied what was the highest grade, standard, or form you completed in school? -9 missing 99 don't know/forgot can you understand english? -9 missing no 1 yes can you read and write in english? -9 missing no 1 yes which zambian langualge do you speak most often? -9 missing 1 bemba 2 nyanja/chewa 3 tonga 4 lozi 5 kaonde/lunda/luvale 6 nsenga 7 tumbuka 9 other roughly how much money do you an your spouse together earn? (k 000s per month) -9 missing 99999 don't/know how many meals does your family eat per day? -9 missing