Demographic and Health Survey 2010-2011, Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, 2010 - 2011
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Reference ID
zwe-zimstat-dhs-2010-v1
Producer(s)
Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency
Created on
May 22, 2013
Last modified
Nov 14, 2016
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9113
Identification
Survey ID Number
zwe-zimstat-dhs-2010-v1
Title
Demographic and Health Survey 2010-2011, Zimbabwe
Subtitle
Zimbabwe
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Zimbabwe | ZWE |
Study type
Demographic and Health Survey (standard) - DHS VI
Abstract
The 2010-2011 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey (2010-11 ZDHS) is one of a series of surveys undertaken by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) as part of the Zimbabwe National Household Survey Capability Programme (ZNHSCP) and the worldwide MEASURE DHS programme.
The 2010-11 ZDHS is a follow-on to the 1988, 1994, 1999, and 2005-06 ZDHS surveys and provides updated estimates of basic demographic and health indicators covered in these earlier surveys. Data on malaria prevention and treatment, domestic violence, anaemia, and HIV/AIDS were also collected in the 2010-11 ZDHS. In contrast to the earlier surveys, the 2010-11 ZDHS was carried out using electronic personal digital assistants (PDAs) rather than paper questionnaires for recording responses during interviews.
The primary objective of the 2010-11 ZDHS is to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels, nuptiality, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of mothers and young children, early childhood mortality and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, and knowledge and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
The 2010-11 ZDHS is a follow-on to the 1988, 1994, 1999, and 2005-06 ZDHS surveys and provides updated estimates of basic demographic and health indicators covered in these earlier surveys. Data on malaria prevention and treatment, domestic violence, anaemia, and HIV/AIDS were also collected in the 2010-11 ZDHS. In contrast to the earlier surveys, the 2010-11 ZDHS was carried out using electronic personal digital assistants (PDAs) rather than paper questionnaires for recording responses during interviews.
The primary objective of the 2010-11 ZDHS is to provide up-to-date information on fertility levels, nuptiality, sexual activity, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutritional status of mothers and young children, early childhood mortality and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, and knowledge and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Household, individual, adult woman, adult male.
Scope
Notes
The Household Questionnaire was used to collected information on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. Additionally, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito nets (to assess the coverage of malaria prevention programmes).
The Woman's and Men's Questionnaire asked questions on the following topics:
- Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.)
- Birth history and childhood mortality
- Knowledge and use of family planning methods
- Fertility preferences
- Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
- Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
- Marriage and sexual activity
- Women's work and husbands' background characteristics
- Malaria prevention and treatment
- Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Adult mortality, including maternal mortality
- Domestic violence
The Woman's and Men's Questionnaire asked questions on the following topics:
- Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.)
- Birth history and childhood mortality
- Knowledge and use of family planning methods
- Fertility preferences
- Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
- Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
- Marriage and sexual activity
- Women's work and husbands' background characteristics
- Malaria prevention and treatment
- Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Adult mortality, including maternal mortality
- Domestic violence
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Education | World Bank |
| Primary Education | World Bank |
| Secondary Education | World Bank |
| Access to Finance | World Bank |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The sample for the 2010-11 ZDHS was designed to provide population and health indicator estimates at the national and provincial levels. The sample design allows for specific indicators, such as contraceptive use, to be calculated for each of Zimbabwe's 10 provinces (Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands, Masvingo, Harare, and Bulawayo).
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ICF International, Inc. | MEASURE DHS project | Technical assistance |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Zimbabwe | Funding | |
| United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Financial support |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | CDC | Financial support |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Financial support |
| United Nations Development Program | UNDP | Financial support |
| United Nations Children’s Fund | UNCEF | Financial support |
| United Kingdom Department for International Development | DFID | Financial support |
| European Union | EU | Financial support |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name |
|---|
| Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MOHCW) |
| National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) |
| National AIDS Council (NAC) |
| Population Services International (PSI) |
| University of Zimbabwe (UZ) |
| Joint United Nations Programmes on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) |
| Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council (ZNFPC) |
| World Health Organization (WHO) |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample for the 2010-11 ZDHS was designed to provide population and health indicator estimates at the national and provincial levels. The sample design allows for specific indicators, such as contraceptive use, to be calculated for each of Zimbabwe’s 10 provinces (Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands, Masvingo, Harare, and Bulawayo). The sampling frame used for the 2010-11 ZDHS was the 2002 Population Census.
Administratively, each province in Zimbabwe is divided into districts and each district into smaller administrative units called wards. During the 2002 Population Census, each of the wards was subdivided into enumeration areas (EAs). The 2010-11 ZDHS sample was selected using a stratified, two-stage cluster design, and EAs were the sampling units for the first stage. Overall, the sample included 406 EAs, 169 in urban areas and 237 in rural areas.
Households were the units for the second stage of sampling. A complete listing of households was carried out in each of the 406 selected EAs in July and August 2010. Maps were drawn for each of the clusters, and all private households were listed. The listing excluded institutional living facilities (e.g., army barracks, hospitals, police camps, and boarding schools). A representative sample of 10,828 households was selected for the 2010-11 ZDHS.
All women age 15-49 and all men age 15-54 who were either permanent residents of the selected households or visitors who stayed in the household the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Anaemia testing was performed in each household among eligible women and men who consented to being tested. With the parent’s or guardian’s consent, children age 6-59 months were also tested for anaemia. Also, among eligible women and men who consented, blood samples were collected for laboratory testing of HIV in each household. In addition, one eligible woman in each household was randomly selected to be asked additional questions about domestic violence.
Administratively, each province in Zimbabwe is divided into districts and each district into smaller administrative units called wards. During the 2002 Population Census, each of the wards was subdivided into enumeration areas (EAs). The 2010-11 ZDHS sample was selected using a stratified, two-stage cluster design, and EAs were the sampling units for the first stage. Overall, the sample included 406 EAs, 169 in urban areas and 237 in rural areas.
Households were the units for the second stage of sampling. A complete listing of households was carried out in each of the 406 selected EAs in July and August 2010. Maps were drawn for each of the clusters, and all private households were listed. The listing excluded institutional living facilities (e.g., army barracks, hospitals, police camps, and boarding schools). A representative sample of 10,828 households was selected for the 2010-11 ZDHS.
All women age 15-49 and all men age 15-54 who were either permanent residents of the selected households or visitors who stayed in the household the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. Anaemia testing was performed in each household among eligible women and men who consented to being tested. With the parent’s or guardian’s consent, children age 6-59 months were also tested for anaemia. Also, among eligible women and men who consented, blood samples were collected for laboratory testing of HIV in each household. In addition, one eligible woman in each household was randomly selected to be asked additional questions about domestic violence.
Response Rate
A total of 10,828 households were selected for the sample, of which 10,166 were found to be occupied during the survey fieldwork. The shortfall was largely due to members of some households being away for an extended period of time and to structures that were found to be vacant at the time of the interview. Of the 10,166 existing households, 9,756 were successfully interviewed, yielding a household response rate of 96 percent. A total of 9,831 eligible women were identified in the interviewed households, and 9,171 of these women were interviewed, yielding a response rate of 93 percent. Of the 8,723 eligible men identified, 7,480 were successfully interviewed (86 percent response rate). The principal reason for nonresponse among both eligible men and women was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the households. The lower response rate among men than among women was due to the more frequent and longer absences of men from the households. Nevertheless, the response rates for both women and men were higher in the 2010-11 ZDHS than in the 2005-06 ZDHS (in which response rates were 90 percent for women and 82 percent for men).
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2010-09-29 | 2011-03 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Data Collection Notes
Training of Field Staff
ZIMSTAT staff and a variety of experts from government ministries, NGOs, and donor organizations participated in a three-day training of trainers session conducted from 30 June to 2 July 2010. Immediately following this training session, pretest training and fieldwork took place. For two weeks in July 2010, 16 participants were trained to administer both paper and electronic questionnaires, take anthropometric measurements, and collect blood samples for anaemia and HIV testing. A representative from the NMRL assisted in training participants on use of finger pricks for blood collection and on proper handling and storage of dried blood spots for HIV testing. The pretest fieldwork was conducted over four days and covered approximately 100 households. Debriefing sessions were held with the pretest field staff, and modifications to the questionnaires were made based on lessons drawn from the exercise.
ZIMSTAT recruited and trained 125 people for the main fieldwork to serve as supervisors, deputy supervisors, interviewers, and reserve interviewers. Training of field staff for the main survey was conducted during a four-week period in late August and September 2010. The training course consisted of instruction regarding interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of questionnaire content, instruction on how to administer the paper and electronic questionnaire, instruction and practice in weighing and measuring children, mock interviews between participants in the classroom, and practice interviews with real respondents in areas outside the 2010-11 ZDHS sample points. In addition, interviewers who were assigned as team biomarker technicians completed field practice in anthropometry, anaemia testing, and blood collection. Team supervisors and deputy supervisors were trained in data quality control procedures, fieldwork coordination, and use of special programs for the PDAs. Deputy supervisors were also trained in using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to obtain coordinates for sample clusters.
Fieldwork
Fifteen interviewing teams carried out data collection for the 2010-11 ZDHS. Each team consisted of one team supervisor, one deputy supervisor, three female interviewers, three male interviewers, and one driver. Three of the interviewers on each team also served as biomarker technicians. Electronic data files were transferred from each interviewer’s PDA to the team supervisor’s PDA each day. Thirteen senior staff members from ZIMSTAT coordinated and supervised fieldwork activities. Electronic data files were transferred to ZIMSTAT staff PDAs during field visits. Participants in fieldwork monitoring also included a survey technical specialist, a consultant, and two data processing staff from the MEASURE DHS project as well as representatives from other organisations supporting the survey, including NMRL, UNFPA, USAID, and ZNFPC. Data collection took place over a six-month period, from 29 September 2010 through late March 2011.
Anthropometry, Anaemia, and HIV Testing
The 2010-11 ZDHS incorporated three “biomarkers”: anthropometry, anaemia testing, and HIV testing. In contrast to the data collection procedure for the household and individual interviews, data related to biomarkers were initially recorded on a paper form (the Biomarker Data Collection Form) and subsequently entered into the PDA. The protocol for anaemia testing and for blood specimen collection for HIV testing was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ), the Institutional Review Board of ICF Macro (now ICF International), and the CDC.
Anthropometry
In all households, height and weight measurements were recorded for children age 0-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-54. Anaemia testing. Blood specimens for anaemia testing were collected from all children age 6-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-54 who voluntarily provided written consent to be tested. Blood samples were drawn from a drop of blood taken from a finger prick (or a heel prick in the case of children age 6-12 months with especially small or thin fingers) and collected in a microcuvette. Haemoglobin analysis was carried out on site using a battery-operated portable HemoCue analyzer. Results were provided verbally and in writing. Parents of children with a haemoglobin level under 7 g/dl were instructed to take the child to a health facility for follow-up care. Likewise, nonpregnant women, pregnant women, and men were referred for follow-up care if their haemoglobin levels were below 7 g/dl, 9 g/dl, and 9 g/dl, respectively. All households in which anthropometry and/or anaemia testing was conducted were given a brochure explaining the
causes and prevention of anaemia.
HIV testing
ZDHS biomarker technicians collected blood specimens for laboratory testing of HIV from all women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 who provided written consent to be tested. The protocol for blood specimen collection and analysis was based on the anonymous linked protocol developed for MEASURE DHS. This protocol allows for merging of HIV test results with the sociodemographic data collected in the individual questionnaires after removal of all information that could potentially identify an individual. Interviewers explained the procedure, the confidentiality of the data, and the fact that the test results would not be made available to the respondent. If a respondent consented to HIV testing, five blood spots from the finger prick were collected on a filter paper card to which a barcode label unique to the respondent was affixed. A duplicate label was attached to the Biomarker Data Collection Form. A third copy of the same barcode was affixed to the Blood Sample Transmittal Form to track the blood samples from the field to the laboratory.
Respondents were asked whether they would consent to having the laboratory store their blood sample for future unspecified testing. If respondents did not consent to additional testing using their sample, it was indicated on the Biomarker Data Collection Form that they refused additional tests, and the words “no additional testing” were written on the filter paper card. Each household, whether individuals consented to HIV testing or not, was given an informational brochure on HIV/AIDS and a list of fixed sites providing voluntary counselling and testing services in surrounding districts within the province.
Blood samples were dried overnight and packaged for storage the following morning. Samples were periodically collected in the field, along with the completed questionnaires, and transported to ZIMSTAT in Harare to be logged in and checked; they were then transported to the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) in Harare.
Once it arrived at NMRL, each blood sample was logged into the CSPro HIV Test Tracking System database, given a laboratory number, and stored at -20°C until tested. The HIV testing protocol stipulated that blood could be tested only after questionnaire data collection had been completed, data had been verified and cleaned, and all unique identifiers other than the anonymous barcode number had been removed from the data file. The algorithm called for testing all samples on the first assay test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the Ani Labsystems HIV EIA.
A negative result was considered negative. All samples with positive results were subjected to a second ELISA, the Vironostika® HIV Uni-Form II Plus O (Biomerieux). Positive samples on the second test were considered positive. If the first and second tests were discordant, a third confirmatory test, the HIV 2.2 western blot (DiaSorin), was administered. The final result was considered positive if the western blot confirmed it to be positive and negative if the western blot confirmed it to be negative. If the western blot results were indeterminate, the sample was considered indeterminate.
ZIMSTAT staff and a variety of experts from government ministries, NGOs, and donor organizations participated in a three-day training of trainers session conducted from 30 June to 2 July 2010. Immediately following this training session, pretest training and fieldwork took place. For two weeks in July 2010, 16 participants were trained to administer both paper and electronic questionnaires, take anthropometric measurements, and collect blood samples for anaemia and HIV testing. A representative from the NMRL assisted in training participants on use of finger pricks for blood collection and on proper handling and storage of dried blood spots for HIV testing. The pretest fieldwork was conducted over four days and covered approximately 100 households. Debriefing sessions were held with the pretest field staff, and modifications to the questionnaires were made based on lessons drawn from the exercise.
ZIMSTAT recruited and trained 125 people for the main fieldwork to serve as supervisors, deputy supervisors, interviewers, and reserve interviewers. Training of field staff for the main survey was conducted during a four-week period in late August and September 2010. The training course consisted of instruction regarding interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of questionnaire content, instruction on how to administer the paper and electronic questionnaire, instruction and practice in weighing and measuring children, mock interviews between participants in the classroom, and practice interviews with real respondents in areas outside the 2010-11 ZDHS sample points. In addition, interviewers who were assigned as team biomarker technicians completed field practice in anthropometry, anaemia testing, and blood collection. Team supervisors and deputy supervisors were trained in data quality control procedures, fieldwork coordination, and use of special programs for the PDAs. Deputy supervisors were also trained in using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to obtain coordinates for sample clusters.
Fieldwork
Fifteen interviewing teams carried out data collection for the 2010-11 ZDHS. Each team consisted of one team supervisor, one deputy supervisor, three female interviewers, three male interviewers, and one driver. Three of the interviewers on each team also served as biomarker technicians. Electronic data files were transferred from each interviewer’s PDA to the team supervisor’s PDA each day. Thirteen senior staff members from ZIMSTAT coordinated and supervised fieldwork activities. Electronic data files were transferred to ZIMSTAT staff PDAs during field visits. Participants in fieldwork monitoring also included a survey technical specialist, a consultant, and two data processing staff from the MEASURE DHS project as well as representatives from other organisations supporting the survey, including NMRL, UNFPA, USAID, and ZNFPC. Data collection took place over a six-month period, from 29 September 2010 through late March 2011.
Anthropometry, Anaemia, and HIV Testing
The 2010-11 ZDHS incorporated three “biomarkers”: anthropometry, anaemia testing, and HIV testing. In contrast to the data collection procedure for the household and individual interviews, data related to biomarkers were initially recorded on a paper form (the Biomarker Data Collection Form) and subsequently entered into the PDA. The protocol for anaemia testing and for blood specimen collection for HIV testing was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ), the Institutional Review Board of ICF Macro (now ICF International), and the CDC.
Anthropometry
In all households, height and weight measurements were recorded for children age 0-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-54. Anaemia testing. Blood specimens for anaemia testing were collected from all children age 6-59 months, women age 15-49, and men age 15-54 who voluntarily provided written consent to be tested. Blood samples were drawn from a drop of blood taken from a finger prick (or a heel prick in the case of children age 6-12 months with especially small or thin fingers) and collected in a microcuvette. Haemoglobin analysis was carried out on site using a battery-operated portable HemoCue analyzer. Results were provided verbally and in writing. Parents of children with a haemoglobin level under 7 g/dl were instructed to take the child to a health facility for follow-up care. Likewise, nonpregnant women, pregnant women, and men were referred for follow-up care if their haemoglobin levels were below 7 g/dl, 9 g/dl, and 9 g/dl, respectively. All households in which anthropometry and/or anaemia testing was conducted were given a brochure explaining the
causes and prevention of anaemia.
HIV testing
ZDHS biomarker technicians collected blood specimens for laboratory testing of HIV from all women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 who provided written consent to be tested. The protocol for blood specimen collection and analysis was based on the anonymous linked protocol developed for MEASURE DHS. This protocol allows for merging of HIV test results with the sociodemographic data collected in the individual questionnaires after removal of all information that could potentially identify an individual. Interviewers explained the procedure, the confidentiality of the data, and the fact that the test results would not be made available to the respondent. If a respondent consented to HIV testing, five blood spots from the finger prick were collected on a filter paper card to which a barcode label unique to the respondent was affixed. A duplicate label was attached to the Biomarker Data Collection Form. A third copy of the same barcode was affixed to the Blood Sample Transmittal Form to track the blood samples from the field to the laboratory.
Respondents were asked whether they would consent to having the laboratory store their blood sample for future unspecified testing. If respondents did not consent to additional testing using their sample, it was indicated on the Biomarker Data Collection Form that they refused additional tests, and the words “no additional testing” were written on the filter paper card. Each household, whether individuals consented to HIV testing or not, was given an informational brochure on HIV/AIDS and a list of fixed sites providing voluntary counselling and testing services in surrounding districts within the province.
Blood samples were dried overnight and packaged for storage the following morning. Samples were periodically collected in the field, along with the completed questionnaires, and transported to ZIMSTAT in Harare to be logged in and checked; they were then transported to the National Microbiology Reference Laboratory (NMRL) in Harare.
Once it arrived at NMRL, each blood sample was logged into the CSPro HIV Test Tracking System database, given a laboratory number, and stored at -20°C until tested. The HIV testing protocol stipulated that blood could be tested only after questionnaire data collection had been completed, data had been verified and cleaned, and all unique identifiers other than the anonymous barcode number had been removed from the data file. The algorithm called for testing all samples on the first assay test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the Ani Labsystems HIV EIA.
A negative result was considered negative. All samples with positive results were subjected to a second ELISA, the Vironostika® HIV Uni-Form II Plus O (Biomerieux). Positive samples on the second test were considered positive. If the first and second tests were discordant, a third confirmatory test, the HIV 2.2 western blot (DiaSorin), was administered. The final result was considered positive if the western blot confirmed it to be positive and negative if the western blot confirmed it to be negative. If the western blot results were indeterminate, the sample was considered indeterminate.
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire for each DHS can be found as an appendix in the final report for each study.
Three questionnaires were used for the 2010-11 ZDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from model survey instruments developed for the MEASURE DHS project to reflect population and health issues relevant to Zimbabwe. Relevant issues were identified at a series of meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international donors. Also, more than 30 individuals representing 19 separate stakeholders attended a questionnaire design meeting on 8-9 February 2010. In addition to English, the questionnaires were translated into two major languages, Shona and Ndebele.
The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members and visitors of selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. The data on age and sex obtained in the Household Questionnaire were used to identify women and men who were eligible for an individual interview. Additionally, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito nets (to assess the coverage of malaria prevention programmes).
The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics:
- Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.)
- Birth history and childhood mortality
- Knowledge and use of family planning methods
- Fertility preferences
- Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
- Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
- Marriage and sexual activity
- Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics
- Malaria prevention and treatment
- Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Adult mortality, including maternal mortality
- Domestic violence
The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-54 in each household in the 2010-11 ZDHS sample. The Man’s Questionnaire collected much of the same information found in the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health.
In this survey, instead of using paper questionnaires, interviewers used personal digital assistants to record responses during interviews.
Three questionnaires were used for the 2010-11 ZDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Man’s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted from model survey instruments developed for the MEASURE DHS project to reflect population and health issues relevant to Zimbabwe. Relevant issues were identified at a series of meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international donors. Also, more than 30 individuals representing 19 separate stakeholders attended a questionnaire design meeting on 8-9 February 2010. In addition to English, the questionnaires were translated into two major languages, Shona and Ndebele.
The Household Questionnaire was used to list all of the usual members and visitors of selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. For children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. The data on age and sex obtained in the Household Questionnaire were used to identify women and men who were eligible for an individual interview. Additionally, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household’s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito nets (to assess the coverage of malaria prevention programmes).
The Woman’s Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following topics:
- Background characteristics (age, education, media exposure, etc.)
- Birth history and childhood mortality
- Knowledge and use of family planning methods
- Fertility preferences
- Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
- Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
- Marriage and sexual activity
- Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics
- Malaria prevention and treatment
- Awareness and behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
- Adult mortality, including maternal mortality
- Domestic violence
The Man’s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-54 in each household in the 2010-11 ZDHS sample. The Man’s Questionnaire collected much of the same information found in the Woman’s Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health.
In this survey, instead of using paper questionnaires, interviewers used personal digital assistants to record responses during interviews.
Data Processing
Data Editing
In this survey, instead of using paper questionnaires, interviewers used personal digital assistants to record responses during interviews. The PDAs were equipped with Bluetooth technology to enable remote electronic transfer of files (e.g., transfer of assignment sheets from team supervisors to interviewers and transfer of completed questionnaires from interviewers to supervisors). The PDA data collection system was developed by the MEASURE DHS project using the mobile version of CSPro. CSPro is software developed jointly by the U.S. Census Bureau, the MEASURE DHS project, and Serpro S.A.
All electronic data files for the ZDHS were returned to the ZIMSTAT central office in Harare, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included secondary editing, which involved resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. Two members of the data processing staff processed the data. Data editing was accomplished using CSPro software. Office editing and data processing were initiated in October 2010 and completed in May 2011.
All electronic data files for the ZDHS were returned to the ZIMSTAT central office in Harare, where they were stored on a password-protected computer. The data processing operation included secondary editing, which involved resolution of computer-identified inconsistencies and coding of open-ended questions. Two members of the data processing staff processed the data. Data editing was accomplished using CSPro software. Office editing and data processing were initiated in October 2010 and completed in May 2011.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Sampling errors for the 2010-11 ZDHS are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest.
Access policy
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Head of data dissemination dept | BPS |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
ddi-zwe-datafirst-dhs-2010-v1
Producers
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| DataFirst | University of Cape Town | Metadata Producer |
Date of Metadata Production
2013-03-18
DDI Document version
Version 1